Evaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Case Notification in Public and Private Sectors: An Observational Study

By Abhay A Patil, Jignesh A Marathe, Umesh Y Sonawane, Miran Shaikh*, Dr Vijay Patel

P.G. College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Nandurbar (MS), India

Published: April 2026 | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19847633 | Download PDF

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge with gaps in case detection and reporting. This retrospective observational study evaluated case notification performance across multiple units using 2025 surveillance data. The findings showed variability in performance, with the public sector contributing significantly while private sector reporting remained inconsistent. The study highlights the need for stronger surveillance systems, improved reporting mechanisms, and enhanced public–private collaboration.

Keywords:

Tuberculosis, Case Notification, Public Health, Treatment Outcomes, Surveillance

Introduction

Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. Despite effective treatments, TB remains a global burden due to socioeconomic factors, delayed diagnosis, and underreporting. Monitoring case notification and treatment outcomes is essential for evaluating TB control programs.

Literature Review

Recent research emphasizes the importance of surveillance systems, public–private healthcare collaboration, and digital reporting tools. Studies show that underreporting and fragmented healthcare systems contribute to “missing cases,” highlighting the need for integrated TB control strategies.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted using secondary data from the 2025 tuberculosis notification report. Data included unit-wise target cases, notified cases (public and private sectors), and percentage achievement. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate program performance.

Results

A total of 2950 target cases were identified, with 2912 cases successfully notified, achieving 98.71% performance. Public sector contributed 1826 cases (62.7%), while private sector contributed 1086 cases (37.3%). Significant variation was observed across units, with some exceeding targets and others underperforming.

Discussion

The study demonstrates strong overall performance of TB surveillance but highlights disparities across units and underreporting from private healthcare providers. Strengthening public–private partnerships and improving digital reporting systems are essential for accurate disease monitoring.

Conclusion

The study concludes that TB case notification systems are functioning effectively but require improvements in private sector integration and localized interventions. Strengthened surveillance and targeted strategies are essential to achieve TB elimination goals.

References

  1. World Health Organization. Global TB Report 2023.
  2. Pai M. Tuberculosis overview.
  3. Sharma SK. TB clinical studies.
  4. Additional references as per original article.